- May 3, 2018
- Posted by: PharmaScroll
- Category:
Penn Medicine neurologist Amit Bar-Or, MD, FRCPC, chief of the Multiple Sclerosis division and director for the Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, presented findings, at AAN 2018, from two studies that look more deeply into the impact of ocrelizumab in the patients.
Ocrelizumab works by targeting and eliminating cells that have the CD20 molecule on their surface, which include a broad range of B cells of the immune system. In previous work looking at blood of patients prior to and following this treatment, Bar-Or and colleagues discovered that treatment decreases the ability of the patient’s B cells to overly activate other cells of the immune system, resulting in decreased MS attacks. In particular, the researchers found that MS attacks are driven by interactions between B cells, T cells, and cells known as myeloid cells – an important insight, as MS has long been thought to be primarily mediated by T cells.
In a second study, Bar-Or and colleagues examined the role of ocrelizumab on responses of MS patients to a range of vaccines. The goal was to assess how effective particular immunizations would be in treated MS patients. The team looked at patients who received ocrelizumab and those who did not receive the treatment, and compared their vaccine responses to tetanus, the seasonal flu, and pneumococcus. They also asked about vaccine responses to a completely new antigen that people likely have never been exposed to (referred to as a neoantigen). For this, they chose to assess immune responses to vaccination with the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) neoantigen. Patients mounted positive response to the vaccines across groups, but the levels of immune responses conferred by the shots were lower across the board in patients treated with ocrelizumab. For example, there was a positive response to the tetanus vaccine at eight weeks in approximately 24 percent of those treated with ocrelizumab versus almost 55 percent of those who were not treated with ocrelizumab.
“This study shows that while people with MS treated with ocrelizumab can still mount vaccine responses, it’s not nearly as strong as prior to treatment,” said Bar-Or, the senior author of the study. “While antibody responses were reduced in the ocrelizumab treated patients, they still responded to a certain level. This is valuable information in terms of seasonal vaccines such as the flu – it appears safe for patients taking ocrelizumab to get vaccinated and vaccination is likely to provide them with at least some protection from such infections.”
Overall, findings of this study confirm the current prescribing recommendations for ocrelizumab – namely that patients should follow standard guidelines for receiving vaccines prior to treatment. If patients require vaccinations, they should ideally get them six weeks prior to beginning treatment with this drug.
“Translational research like this work with ocrelizumab is an example of what we’re trying to do at Penn,” Bar-Or added. “Research like this allows us to learn more both about the mechanisms underlying MS activity and injury, as well as the biology of MS treatments, which in turn will help us better individualize treatments for specific patients.”
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News Source: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/uops-bae042618.php
Image Source: https://www.verywell.com/ocrelizumab-for-multiple-sclerosis-4120838